The development of new foundational tools and parts will directly contribute to the engineering of new traits in plants, such as:

F. Altered photosynthesis and leaf structure

G. Carbohydrate engineering to increase quality and yield of target polymers

H. Engineered pathways for the metabolic engineering of natural products

I. New forms of symbiosis and nitrogen fixation

J. Methods for high level production of biomolecules by virus engines.

Image credits:

Leaf #2 by Nicola on Flickr, licensed under CC-BY 2.0 "Xylan" by Yikrazuul - Own work by uploader; ISBN 978-1600219047 S. 19. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons. Metabolic engineering figure. Copyright Sarah O’Connor (John Innes Centre), Weerawat Runguphan and Weslee Glenn, used with permission Nitrogen fixating nodules by Foxy Tigre on Flickr, licensed under CC-BY 2.0 Leaf droplet. Copyright George Lomonossoff and Eva Thuenemann (John Innes Centre), used with permission